Moral Development

The elementary years can be considered as a crucial point when it comes to the character formation of a person. This is where he faces new things; knowledge and information that could greatly affect his life in the future. This is the time in the child’s life where he or she develops a concept about what’s good or bad. Because of this, adult intervention is necessary; parents as well as teachers should do their best in supervising every step of development their children undergoes. In Kohlberg’s theory, the time when children enter elementary school is his second in three broad levels of moral development (Boeree, 2003). This is the conventional morality level, wherein the definition of right and wrong would usually depend on â€Å"what the people would say† (Colman, 2001). This part is what requires most adult attention, since they are the ones the children look up to, being the basis of what they would follow in the future. This stage is further divided into two sub-stages. The first stage is the good boy/good girl stage, wherein children try to live up to what others expect them to be, as well as seek their approval in everything they do. It is important for adults to show them the â€Å"right things† because everything they do becomes a basis of the children’s actions. Another sub-stage is the law and order stage, where children now takes a perspective that involves the social system as well, taking into consideration the rules and laws of the society they are living in, as well as the authorities they have to follow. At these elementary years, we can address the teaching of moral development in schools by devising or structuring out what should be taught to these children (Nucci, 2002). At this stage, they should be already provided with the basic laws and regulations that they should follow as a â€Å"good citizen†. These could start by introducing the school laws and regulations and relating it to the laws of the society. Another concern also would be about their teacher. These children’s teacher should be a model they could look up to as a person, so that their concept of conventional morality would depend on what their teachers show them. References: Boeree, C. G. (2003). Moral Development.  Ã‚   Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsymoraldev.html Colman, A. M. (2001). Conventional Morality. In A Dictionary of Psychology: Oxford University Press. Nucci, L. (2002). Moral Development and Moral Education: An Overview.  Ã‚   Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://tigger.uic.edu/~lnucci/MoralEd/overview.html       Moral development According to the Social Learning Theory, our moral behavior is shaped by the reinforcement and punishment stimuli through the process of learning. It means that if a child was punished in the past for a certain behavior and is faced with such a situation again, he/she will avoid this behavior. As a social being, a person lives within a group or a community and â€Å"tends to perform actions and behave in a manner conducive to community approval†. The greatest criticism of this theory is that â€Å"it does not provide a proper overall personality assessment†. â€Å"It focuses more on the factors perceived as negative by the learner – it does not account for what may be considered positive.† (Social Learning Theory) According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, â€Å"there are six identifiable stages of moral development† which could be classified into three levels. (Kohlberg’s stages of moral development) The pre-conventional level. In stage 1, â€Å"people behave according to socially acceptable norms because they are told to do so by some authority figure†. â€Å"This obedience is compelled by the threat or application of punishment.† Stage 2 â€Å"is characterized by a view that right behavior means acting in one’s own best interests†. (Barger, Robert N. A Summary Of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages Of Moral Development) The conventional level. In stage 3 individuals â€Å"seek approval from other people’. Stage 4 is â€Å"oriented to abiding by the law and responding to the obligations of duty†. (Barger, Robert N. A) The post-conventional level. Stage 5 is â€Å"an understanding of social mutuality and a genuine interest in the welfare of others.† Stage 6 is â€Å"based on respect for universal principles and the demands of individual conscience.† (Barger, Robert N. A) It appears that people rarely reach stage 6 of this model and Kohlberg â€Å"had difficulty finding participants who use it†. (Kohlberg’s stages of moral development) â€Å"One criticism of Kohlberg’s theory is that it emphasizes justice to the exclusion of other values† and â€Å"may not adequately address the arguments of people who value other moral aspects of actions.† Carol Gilligan has argued that the theory is â€Å"male-centric† and â€Å"did not adequately describe the concerns of women†. (Kohlberg’s stages of moral development) Kohlberg claimed his  six stages are cultural-universal. Simpson (1974) argues that â€Å"Kohlberg’s interview employs analytic and theoretical modes of thought and language such as â€Å"justice, equality and reciprocity at a high level of abstraction† which are not valued by many cultures†. According to Bergling (1981), Kohlberg’s stages 1 – 4 are â€Å"empirically supported in western industrialized countries but findings from the Bahamas and British Honduras fail to support even a stage 4†. (Ma, King Keung Problems In The Cro ss-Cultural Study Of Moral Judgment Development) BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. Barger, Robert N. A Summary Of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages Of Moral Development, (August, 23 2005) 2. Kohlberg’s stages of moral development,   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlberg's_stages_of_moral_development (August, 23 2005) 3. Ma, King Keung Problems In The Cross-Cultural Study Of Moral Judgment Development, http://66.249.93.104/search?q=cache:LAHMEA0UqdAJ:sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/33/3300251.pdf+weak+points+in+Kohlberg%60s+moral+development+theory+&hl=uk (August, 23 2005) 4. Social Learning Theory, http://www.termpapergenie.com/SocialLearningTheory.html (August, 24 2005)                Moral development According to the Social Learning Theory, our moral behavior is shaped by the reinforcement and punishment stimuli through the process of learning. It means that if a child was punished in the past for a certain behavior and is faced with such a situation again, he/she will avoid this behavior. As a social being, a person lives within a group or a community and â€Å"tends to perform actions and behave in a manner conducive to community approval†. The greatest criticism of this theory is that â€Å"it does not provide a proper overall personality assessment†. â€Å"It focuses more on the factors perceived as negative by the learner – it does not account for what may be considered positive.† (Social Learning Theory) According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, â€Å"there are six identifiable stages of moral development† which could be classified into three levels. (Kohlberg’s stages of moral development) The pre-conventional level. In stage 1, â€Å"people behave according to socially acceptable norms because they are told to do so by some authority figure†. â€Å"This obedience is compelled by the threat or application of punishment.† Stage 2 â€Å"is characterized by a view that right behavior means acting in one’s own best interests†. (Barger, Robert N. A Summary Of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages Of Moral Development) The conventional level. In stage 3 individuals â€Å"seek approval from other people’. Stage 4 is â€Å"oriented to abiding by the law and responding to the obligations of duty†. (Barger, Robert N. A) The post-conventional level. Stage 5 is â€Å"an understanding of social mutuality and a genuine interest in the welfare of others.† Stage 6 is â€Å"based on respect for universal principles and the demands of individual conscience.† (Barger, Robert N. A) It appears that people rarely reach stage 6 of this model and Kohlberg â€Å"had difficulty finding participants who use it†. (Kohlberg’s stages of moral development) â€Å"One criticism of Kohlberg’s theory is that it emphasizes justice to the exclusion of other values† and â€Å"may not adequately address the arguments of people who value other moral aspects of actions.† Carol Gilligan has argued that the theory is â€Å"male-centric† and â€Å"did not adequately describe the concerns of women†. (Kohlberg’s stages of moral development) Kohlberg claimed his  six stages are cultural-universal. Simpson (1974) argues that â€Å"Kohlberg’s interview employs analytic and theoretical modes of thought and language such as â€Å"justice, equality and reciprocity at a high level of abstraction† which are not valued by many cultures†. According to Bergling (1981), Kohlberg’s stages 1 – 4 are â€Å"empirically supported in western industrialized countries but findings from the Bahamas and British Honduras fail to support even a stage 4†. (Ma, King Keung Problems In The Cro ss-Cultural Study Of Moral Judgment Development) BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. Barger, Robert N. A Summary Of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages Of Moral Development, (August, 23 2005) 2. Kohlberg’s stages of moral development,   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlberg's_stages_of_moral_development (August, 23 2005) 3. Ma, King Keung Problems In The Cross-Cultural Study Of Moral Judgment Development, http://66.249.93.104/search?q=cache:LAHMEA0UqdAJ:sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/33/3300251.pdf+weak+points+in+Kohlberg%60s+moral+development+theory+&hl=uk (August, 23 2005) 4. Social Learning Theory, http://www.termpapergenie.com/SocialLearningTheory.html (August, 24 2005)               

Van Gogh

Power of Art: Vincent Van Gogh Vincent Van Gogh was a unique and unusual man, yet one would surely not believe that he was a self-taught painter. Vincent was born in 1853 in Grotto-Sunders, a village located in the south of Netherlands. Van Gogh did not pick up painting until the age of 27 which is somewhat late for the average painter of his time. He also did not Jump straight to being an artist, but attempted to be a minister, a missionary, an art dealer, and a teacher. We will see what shaped Van Sago's art whether it was through his perception of the world or through his quest to keep his sanity.We can observe most of Van Sago's life through the connection he and his brother made by the writing of each other's letters. His younger brother, Thee helped Vincent emotionally and financially as he started his new found passion for creating art. Since his attempt of being a preacher did not go as planned, Vincent in a way turned to painting because of familiarity and to express his rel igious faith. Despite his motives, Van Gogh fell short of capturing an audience through his art work. For a while he shared an apartment with a prostitute name Seen. Seen was said to be his muse, his source of inspiration in the creation of artwork.When Vincent father caught wind of this relationship that had trouble written all over it, he demanded that Vincent immediately rid himself of her and continue on his way. He finally gave in and abandoned Seen, leaving her alone where she once again turned to prostitution for her source of income. Van Gogh did not have much luck at first when it came to attracting buyers for his artwork, but the creation of his painting â€Å"The Potato Eaters† was one of his first works to gain some recognition. It was a painting of poor peasants eating potatoes around a inner table.Vincent purposely chose to depict them in their natural environment where it can easily be seen that these hard working peasants labor tirelessly to earn their small r ations of food. The painting further complements the idea of â€Å"poor and unfortunate† through the use of dark, thick, and dusty looking colors. Van Gogh was very heavy on his brush when it came to painting portraits like this because he did not Just want to paint something, but he wanted to create philosophical connection with his audience which most likely were the middle and upper class of society.After moving to Paris, Van Gogh finally found impressionism and began creating paintings with the use of lighter and more brilliant colors. Thee had informed Vincent that it was a very difficult endeavor to sell his paintings to art collectors who disliked his type of dark art style. It was at that point that Vincent embraced his light side and embraced nature as a source of beauty that could only be captured through the use of richly draped yellows, and other lavish colors. One of Van Sago's painting called â€Å"the Sorer† incorporates complementary colors to bring a s ort of immersed intensity to the picture.This painting is a recreation of an earlier painting, but Van Sago's has a glow of brilliance to it through the use of a variety of colors that is sure the audience's eyes in ecstasy. Vincent was always a little skittish growing up, but now it was evident that he was beginning to go mad. It is quite unsure how it came about, but it was said that Van Gogh, in a moment of immense tension, cut his own ear off because of an argument between Gauguin and himself. From there on it was all downhill for the upcoming artist.Vincent eventually admitted himself to a mental hospital where he painted for while in an effort to keep himself from becoming a lunatic Later, he moved with a doctor who specialized with artists who suffered from mental illnesses. Van Gogh seemed to have recovered enough to have left the care of the doctor and returned to painting soon after. One of his last and one his notable works is called â€Å"Wheat Field with Crows†. It is painting that depicts a dramatic landscape set in a wheat field with a great sea of blue as the sky. The single road and flock of crows direct you in an unsure direction, It brings about a sense of loneliness.With thick and heavy strokes, the setting is set or a wind-swept field of golden wheat. This painting is one amongst his unique and haunting works created. A man who may have been mentally ill or Just a man mad at the world for not understanding his views through his art? No one will ever know for sure because his story came to an end when it was said that he shot himself in the stomach later dying due to infection from the wound. It is not clear what type of mental illness Van Gogh suffered from if he did at all suffer from one, but it is fact that he had a way of creating art through the power of his mind and emotion. Van Gogh It seems when one closes their bedroom door all mundane thoughts are gone and you are left with your imagination. One who agrees with this interpretation is Jane Flanders. Jane Flanders is a highly educated woman, as she attended Mar College and Columbia University, she has three books of poems published and has won many awards. A person whose mind is always running and always working such as hers can agree that rest for the imagination is the best way to strengthen it.One simple painting of his bed and petite, creaky room and one simple four stanza poem shows how materialistic possessions can never reflect the human soul, simplicity in life heightens creativity ND how solitude doesn't have to be a negative aspect in life. â€Å"l can tell you that for my part I will try to keep a straight course, and will paint the most simple, the most common things† (Van Gogh, 545). This was written in a letter to Vincent brother Thee, Van Gogh is declaring how he now wants to live his life : straight forward and simple.As one can see in the painting he did not accumulate many riches in his life. He never kept heirlooms or anything of wealthy status. His bedroom as described in the poem is â€Å"is narrow†¦ Clumsy but friendly†¦ Empty' (Flanders, Van Sago's Bed). The pictures on the wall are crooked, it's a tiny room for one with a narrow window, filled with a table where he works and chairs to sit on. Flanders describes it Just as it is, these adjectives can be not be clearer. To me this proves that materialistic objects in life can never reflect the soul off person.Van Gogh had a talent that millions of apprentices striver for. It was typical for only the rich to be educated and/or learn an artist's trade. It's common for the wealthy to obtain more opportunities in life than he poor, yet a man with many personal struggles in his life is known as a man today that is hard to measure up to. Many people believe your status, or what you own is who you are, this is not true. One can see how his bedrooms looks like one of a peasants, yet this status or preconception does not diminish nor prove that he is not gifted or have a remarkable soul.It's like today how homeless people are looked down upon like uneducated, untalented scum but in reality they could be Just as gifted as a privileged person. Just because they struggle in different ways than we do goes not mean their soul is any less valuable. The value of what we own does not determine the value of our souls and being. What creates this value is our imagination, spirit, morals, personality, creativity and expression. These aspects in life help us find our purpose, our materialistic success can never fulfill such a destiny.Without imagination what would life be like? The only word I can think of is lifeless. No child's smile would light up the room, no painting would be filled with color, no Joke would ever hear a laugh, no purpose would there be in life. Just as cells re the building bl ocks of physical life, imaginations are the building blocks of our purposes in life, whatever they may be. When looking at his painting I take from the simplicity, rest. Rest of the mind, body and spirit, when these three are at rest they grow a unique, metal potential kinetic energy.When one locks themselves away from the world in their bedroom, a safe place where no one can disturb them, their mind is now at ease. There are no worries that can bother them, whatever is out of sight is now out of mind and the mind now becomes clearer. When the mind is clear and jack to its simplistic ways all that is left is imagination and creativity that is free to roam. This is why Van Sago's bed is right next to his work desk where his mind can freely express itself. It's common for all humans to lay in bed and because the complexities of our day is over we no longer have to think about what is next until the morning.Nothing left is on our lists for us to be preoccupied with. Life complexity cri pples creativity, if we're constantly thinking about our mundane world, we never have a chance to think about our inner selves. This can also be proven in the color Van Gogh uses. The brilliant, vibrant colors such as orange, yellow, blue and green come to life via simple form. His use of these colors bring his bedroom to life, it proves that even though it's a simple picture, its one little thing in life that makes the difference of it Just existing or it living, that's creativity that sparks from imagination.All in all, rest lets our minds breathe and gives us a greater creative potential, and anything else more than simple can deprive us from this. Looking at his painting, one might feel sadness by observing how there are two pillows for one head and two hairs for one body. Being alone is mostly deemed as a negative aspect in life, and it is natural to think that due to humans instinctual being social creatures. Though it is lovely having loved ones in life, solitude is not alway s negative, you can be alone without feeling lonely.Flanders describes his bedroom as, â€Å"is empty, morning light pours in like wine, melody, fragrance, the memory of happiness† (Flanders, 545). She perfectly shows how emptiness isn't always a hollow pain, but rather a nostalgic memory. Memories were created in that bedroom, paintings with inexplicable expressions of the Joy in life and the sad confusion. Van Gogh wasn't alone, he had himself, he had his artwork, and his imagination alone kept him company. Solitude is one of the many paths to figure out our niche in life, something that he longed for.Learning to be happy alone brings a life time of happiness, you never have to depend on someone or something else to bring you happiness in life. You are always with yourself and loving and enjoying your own company is a stable way to ensure your happiness. Even though Van Gogh is seen historically as an unstable man, solitude ay have given him stability. He didn't seem to â⠂¬Å"fit into† the world around him, but the world he understood was his own through art.One can also see in this stanza how Flanders compares the morning light pouring in like wine, a melody or a fragrance, all very simple things that can spark a memory. These may have been things one experienced by themselves resting, reflecting upon them alone, how a memory of an experience learning about themselves can bring self-happiness. This is why solitude is not always a such a bad thing, we are our greatest teachers in life, only we can fulfill our destinies and we can only move to the next step by knowing who we are and we do this through solitude.A painting so simple yet packed with so much. Van Gogh succeeded in showing the viewer what he wanted to portray, how our materialistic life can never reflect the life we live on the inside of ourselves, how when we rest our minds they finally begin to work the way they were destined to and how solitude enables us to progress in our person al purposes in life. Van Gogh states, â€Å"It's Just simply my bedroom, only here color is to do everything, and giving by TTS simplification a grander style to things, is to be suggestive here of rest or of sleep in general.In a word, to look at the picture ought to rest the brain or rather the imagination† (545). Van Gogh shows all he intends to through color, life could not exist in black in white, and nothing would be unique. He uses these bright colors in his unique signature pattern to portray how different ones imagination can change something so simple. It's still simple, Just more valuable, it's customized. This shows how materials can never prove who we are, imagination sparks from rest and prospers from ourselves.

A study of the negative impact of piracy on the economy and society at large

A study of the negative impact of piracy on the economy and society at large Intellectual piracy that’s common in the streets of New York has originated itself in China. From electronics such as phones and laptops to luxury brand names such as Gucci and Dolce Gabbana, intellectual piracy has become a serious problem within China, with its wings spreading to Chinatown in New York City. The video Intellectual Piracy in China discusses the high amount of piracy that derives from China; it goes into how fake things take over most of the market within China, and gives the specific example of fake Viagra within China which could result in deadly situations as the fake versions of the pill are being made with chemicals that could be dangerous for human use. The case Coping with Piracy in China touches on similar subjects as the video, and mainly focuses on counterfeit Apple products offered by China. According to the case article, there were at least five self-branded Apple stores within only one city of China (â€Å"Coping with Piracy in China†, n.d. ) However, the case article emphasizes how the counterfeit market in China could be actually benefiting Apple as a company rather than otherwise. This paper will analyze what the video and the case study regarding intellectual piracy in China are focusing on by examining the content of the video and case study and explaining my opinion with the findings made, and the reasons as to why I agree with the video’s findings, while I disagree with the case study’s findings. According to the case article, the self-branded Apple stores within China have some of the most heavily trafficked Apple stores in the world (â€Å"Coping with Piracy in China,† n.d.). Tourists in China can easily come across any of these self-branded stores and purchase knock off Apple products for themselves for only a small percentage of the actual cost of the actual product. Although hundreds of patent lawyers and investigators are after these self-branded items and the stores and people behind it, Apple has yet to comment on the whole situations, and the case study believes that rather than doing harm to the company, these self-made Apple brands are actually promoting the Apple brand for free, and is seen as beneficial for Apple (â€Å"Coping with Piracy in China,† n.d.). The self-branded Apple stores are providing a pathway for the actual Apple company to promote themselves to an enormous market, China’s market, at absolutely no cost to them. Unfortunately, I don’t agree with the findings made within the conclusion of the case study. I find it controversial that the case study explicitly states how enormous the market for fake stuff within China are, but also gives off the implication that this is actually beneficial for Apple. Even though Apple’s brand is being promoted at no cost to them, their own products are not the ones being sold. Apple is already an international company that has one of the largest customer bases, and it doesn’t need the unnecessary promotion of a company copying their brand to have a beneficial outcome within their own company. Furthermore, the case study specifies this has benefits for the Apple company, but the Apple company itself speaks of how â€Å"more than $11 billion is lost to piracy every year† (â€Å"Piracy Prevention,† n.d.) In their website, Apple mostly focuses on software piracy, but nonetheless it goes on to show that they are negatively affecte d by piracy either way. Software piracy still falls under intellectual piracy, ideas are still being stolen and being profited off of. Thus, it’s misleading for the case study to imply that benefits of such an occurrence could take place. However, I do agree with one point that was made here. It’s weird that patent lawyers and investigators are unable to find these people faking brands when a tourist can easily walk within a street, and buy a knock off product right away. It seems that the global efforts for wiping intellectual piracy out of the way aren’t truly taking place. The video, on the other hand, brings to light a much more realistic version of how piracy has an impact on the economy of United States as well as how it impacts specific companies that are being copied off of. Patent lawyers and intellectual piracy experts talk within the video and give their opinions, and they’re also shown to be shopping on the streets of New York, within Chinatown, where intellectual piracy is a substantial issue. Some of these experts talk about the gravity of these issues, and how it could be deadly in the long run. They give the hypothetical scenarios of one flying on a plane that has counterfeit parts, or having to drive a cart with fake parts (PBS NewsHour, 2014). The example the video mainly focused on was that of Viagra. Viagra is widely used within China, even for purposes it’s not meant to be used for; for example, Viagra is given to pandas within zoos in China to always keep them excited and energized. Due to the huge market of Viagra wit hin China, there has been those who have even faked Viagra pills (PBS NewsHour, 2014). The creation of these Viagra pills includes the use of dangerous chemicals that shouldn’t be consumed by humans, and the pills are created overall in horrible conditions. It’s unethical and immoral that some people are determined strictly on making earnings in ways that put others’ lives at risk. The conclusion of the video emphasizes how no matter what intellectual piracy is illegal, frowned upon, and most importantly, negatively impacts businesses and individuals. I completely agree with the video’s findings, and I understand their point more thoroughly through their clever examples. At the end of the day, behind each brand, each product, and each idea is a person that truly worked hard to create it, and put all their innovation and originality in it to create something that hasn’t been seen before. People who copy their ideas and sell it as if they are originals are literally stealing the hard work those people and companies have done. Most importantly, when it comes to counterfeit medicine and pills, like the trend of the counterfeit Viagra within China, people’s lives are at risk since unknown chemicals are being used, safety measures aren’t being taken, and overall the pill is being generated in unsanitary and harmful conditions. As can be seen, intellectual piracy is a problem that needs to be addressed not only in China, but also within United States as well. Although there are claims that intellectual piracy could benefit some, one needs to look at the consequences and realities that comes along with intellectual piracy to see that this is not the truth.

Disaster Simulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Disaster Simulation - Essay Example Emergency guides advice that one should have enough resources to take care of him for at least 72 hours after the beginning of a disaster. In addition, one should prepare for his travel in case he receives an evacuation order. This involves ensuring that the gas tank is full and all items needed are in the car. It is also important to ensure that all family members are well prepared for the disaster. For instance, one should ensure that all the important documents of family members such as passports and birth certificates could be easily retrieved when the family leaves the house. Keeping the documents in fireproof box can be helpful. In addition, one should ensure that he communicates well with all family members about the escape routes and other disaster preparation strategies. Communicating to them about the warning signs of the expected disaster is vital. Other modes of communication such as radios and television also help one to prepare effectively for the disasters (Gow & Paton , 2008). Nurses have an important role to play if a disaster occurs in a work place. They should be aware of the specific disaster response plans in their hospitals. During a disaster, patients’ safety especially those in critical conditions should be the top priority in hospital. One of the nurses’ roles during a disaster in their place of work includes ambulating patients to a safer location. They should also ensure that the patients’ beds are placed in windowless areas. The situation prevents patients from being injured by broken windows during a disaster. If it is difficult to move the beds to areas that do not have windows nurses should ensure that the window blinds and drapes are closed. It is also important to protect them from debris by giving them more pillows and blankets. Additionally, nurses should ensure that all hallways are open so that patients’ needs are

Delegation in Nursing Care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Delegation in Nursing Care - Assignment Example As the discussion outlines, based on the scenario presented in the case, it would be prudent for Rose to begin by attending to the most pressing issues. The most pressing issue, according to the case, that Rose should attend to first is Mr. R. in Room 228 whose pain medication is already late. This is because Mr. R. is feeling a lot of pain and his health might deteriorate if not attended to immediately. Therefore, it would be very critical for Rose to leave everything she intended to do to ensure that Mr. R. receives the necessary attention to save him from his immense pain.  If the reporter were the charge nurse, the following is how I would have done the patient assignment at the beginning of the shift: Firstly, the reporter would have ensured that all the patients in need of urgent care are attended to first. For instance, it emerged that Mr. R is complaining that his pain medication is late. Therefore, to avoid such situations, I would have ensured that all patients in dire ne ed of care are attended to first. This will be followed by ensuring that all the delegable tasks are assigned to different nurse assistants to ensure that all patients are attended to on time. Delegation would ensure that I only handle tasks, which are not delegable, such as those involving patient assessment, evaluation and judgment. From the list provided, there are a number of tasks which Rose cannot delegate. Firstly, Rose cannot delegate activity. This is because activity involves an assessment of the patient. Assessment activities must be done by a registered professional nurse, thus cannot be delegated. Secondly, Rose cannot delegate activity two since the activity involves the admission of medications, which must be administered by a registered professional nurse.  

The Role of the Internal Change Agent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Role of the Internal Change Agent - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  Internal Change Agents are of three different types. The People-Change-Technology type focus on the individual employee, their morale and motivation. They deal with absenteeism, turnover, and the quality of work performed. These change agents use the techniques of job enrichment, goal setting, and behaviour modification. They work on the assumption that â€Å"if individuals change their behaviour, the organisation will also change†.This study outlines that  the Organisation-Development type are change agents who are involved in internal processes such as intergroup relations, communication, and decision making. Their intervention technique is referred to as the cultural change approach, because they analyse the culture of the targeted organisation. This approach was developed from the domains of sensitivity training, team building, and survey feedback. While implementing organisational change processes, managers often assume the roles of t he different types of internal change agents outlined above. The internal change agent as Researcher is closely related to the previous role of trainer. The role includes the training of organisation members in the skills required for valid evaluation of the efficacy of action plans that have been carried out. Lunenburg states that as part of the overall intervention strategy, the change agent designs an evaluation component, useful for solving both the current as well as future problems.

The Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s - Research Paper Example The book contains details regarding the origins of the Iran-Iraq War. It separately analyzes politics and strategies that were associated with both countries during the war. Issues of long-term effects and impacts of the war on both countries are also addressed in this book. Religion in both Iraq and Iran is stated in the both. The book further continues by assessing the relationship between these two countries and the superpowers. In essence, the book in the conclusion chapters describes how Iran is related to the United States, and how Iraq related with Superpowers, which were either hostile or friendly. Published in the year 1989, this book by Dilip Hiro turned out to be highly instrumental in providing information regarding the Iraq-Iran War. The book provides detailed information on the root of conflict between Iraq and Iran War. Hiro takes a deep and critical look at the boiling issues affecting embattle Iran and Iraq. Hiro continues giving details regarding the war by touching on impacts it will have on the outside and Western world that is through exploring the victims and benefactors of the war. The engaging part of the book is the part whereby, Hiro discusses how the war was fought that is, through stating the weaponry and strategy employed by both countries during the war. This book also provides information pertaining to the negotiations that failed, and resulted in the war. Jacek’s article is one of the most recent scholarly article that examines United States’ involvement in the Iran-Iraq war of 1980s. Since it is one of the latest publication in this subject matter, it highly gets cited in later articles and books on the U.S. participation in Iran-Iraq war of 1980s.

Epidemiology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Epidemiology - Research Paper Example Technical and financial amenities by developed countries are available for use to prevent resurgence of this infectious disease. The people who do not want to follow preventive education are the most vulnerable to risk factors. To reduce the enormous global burden and long-term goal of better control of this communicable disease, there is a need for international surveillance. The pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for tuberculosis (TB). The person carrying the dormant tuberculosis germs is prone to tuberculosis, if the germs become active and multiply. ‘Latent TB infection’ (O’Donoghue, 2006), is the dormant state of infection in the body. Those with latent infection can easily transfer the disease to another person through contact. Ease of infection of this airborne disease is caused by exposure to infected droplet nuclei. It spreads through activities such as cough, sneeze, laugh, singing, etc. of the disease-carrying person. Approximate estimated figures show that the incidence of TB effects around 33% of world population. Reports show that about nine million people can suffer from tuberculosis disease in a year. Resource-limited countries have the highest prevalence of the disease and because it has not yet been completely uprooted, the chances of outbreak of the disease in other countries including the U.S. cannot be (LoBue, Sizemore, & Castro, 2009). In the â€Å"primary tuberculosis†, the patient can recover completely. This cured person still contains noninfectious, but live mycobacterium. This ‘primary inactive tuberculosis’ could follow one of the three paths in the future. It might remain inactive throughout the life span of the infected person, or it might develop into ‘active tuberculosis’ from its own infection, or the same person might get exposed to new infection called ‘reinfection tuberculosis’ (Jekel, Katz & Elmore, 2001). HIV infected individuals

Political sciencemiddle east Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political sciencemiddle east - Essay Example They failed to protect key strategic resources and national treasures. In addition, they failed to have a workable form of rule and order in place to replace the ousted Sadaam Hussein, This failure to plan resulted in a weakened and fragile economy, social upheaval, and political instability that will continue to burden Iraq for years to come. The war in Iraq wrecked an already declining economy and failed to deliver on the promises of prosperity and oil revenues. In the 20 years leading up to the war, the per capita income had declined by 75 percent and the first year of the war cut that in half again to just $450 (Schifferes). The country was burdened by high unemployment, massive numbers of people employed in "inefficient state-owned enterprises", and half the population that was dependent on food aid (Schifferes). At the time there was a plan to privatize the industries, and increase oil revenues so that Iraq would have a self-sustaining economy. However, oil production, which accounts for 90 percent of Iraq's economy, continues to stagnate at about 2.4 million barrels per day, far off the peak production of 3.5 million barrels reached in 1990 (Kumins CRS-1; Iraq Economy 2008). In addition, unemployment continues to hover between 18 and 30 percent (Iraq Economy 2008). ... But it didn't last. Both the privatizations and the pension conversion were rushed into place before the country had the infrastructure or investor sophistication to support them". Without a long term plan and commitment to the restructuring of Iraq's economy, the US will be mired down for years continually trying to jump-start it. A recent effort at privatizing the oil industry has met with considerable resistance due to its demands that Iraq surrender a significant degree of sovereignty. The 2003 invasion of Iraq set off one of the bloodiest periods in Iraq's history, and had been responsible for a period no less violent than the era of Sadaam Hussein. There is little debate about the ruthlessness and cruelty of Sadaam Hussein and his inappropriateness as a leader in the modern world. However, when Hussein was ousted, the US had made no plans for a system to replace him. Religious factions rushed in to fill the void, and resulted in a civil war with the US forces attempting to act as referee. While accurate body counts are difficult to estimate, counts range from between 100,000 to over 2 million. The Lancet, a well-respected British medical journal estimated that 600,000 deaths had been attributable to the war as of 2006 (Polya). This is on an even par with the number of deaths blamed on Sadaam Hussein in the 20 years leading up to the war. In addition, the social strife has caused many people to flee the country and "approximately two million Iraqis have fled the c onflict in Iraq, with the majority taking refuge in Syria and Jordan, and lesser numbers to Egypt, Lebanon, Iran, and Turkey" (Iraq Economy 2008). This has torn apart families, communities, and social institutions. If the US had planned a stable transfer of power in Iraq after the invasion, the